Water-solvated Ethaline Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Assessment of Tungsten-Molybdenum Hybrid Oxides Nanocomposites

Adetola Abiola Ajayi; Olayinka Oderinde; Sodiq Olalekan Ogunbayo; Adeola Roseline Olawuyi; Ayoni Olubunmi Ogundiran; Adebobola Ololade Agbeja

doi:10.5455/NJEAS.285220

2025, Vol: 3, Issue: 1

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NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 262-269

doi: 10.5455/NJEAS.285220

Water-solvated Ethaline Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Assessment of Tungsten-Molybdenum Hybrid Oxides Nanocomposites

Adetola Abiola Ajayi, Olayinka Oderinde, Sodiq Olalekan Ogunbayo, Adeola Roseline Olawuyi, Ayoni Olubunmi Ogundiran, Adebobola Ololade Agbeja.

Abstract
Metal oxide nanocomposites are increasingly being recognised as promising multifunctional materials with intrinsic antimicrobial properties. In this work, a green route was developed for synthesising, characterising, and determining the antimicrobial activity of tungsten oxide-molybdenum oxide nanocomposites in a water-solvated ethaline system as the templating medium. The composites synthesized were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the M-O linkage formation while XRD revealed characteristic crystalline phases of WO3 and MoO3. SEM micrographs disclosed water incorporation altering architecture at the surface to create less dense sponge-like entities from dense aggregations. The antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was assessed using disk diffusion and dilution broth methods. A clear dose dependency with enhanced inhibition was noted with superior composite prepared using the DES-water system. The 80:20% wt. The W:Mo composite exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial activity through an additivity effect involving redox chemistry by molybdenum and ROS generation mediated by tungsten. These findings underscore the versatility of DES-water based solvent systems as green medium to synthesize nanomaterials with application potential towards healthcare and environmental remediation and combating antimicrobial resistances.

Key words: Deep eutectic solvent, Ethaline, Tungsten oxide, Molybdenum oxide, antimicrobial activity

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Ajayi AA, Oderinde O, Ogunbayo SO, Olawuyi AR, Ogundiran AO, Agbeja AO. Water-solvated Ethaline Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Assessment of Tungsten-Molybdenum Hybrid Oxides Nanocomposites. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 262-269. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.285220

Web Style

Ajayi AA, Oderinde O, Ogunbayo SO, Olawuyi AR, Ogundiran AO, Agbeja AO. Water-solvated Ethaline Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Assessment of Tungsten-Molybdenum Hybrid Oxides Nanocomposites. https://www.nilejeas.com/?mno=285220 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.285220

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ajayi AA, Oderinde O, Ogunbayo SO, Olawuyi AR, Ogundiran AO, Agbeja AO. Water-solvated Ethaline Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Assessment of Tungsten-Molybdenum Hybrid Oxides Nanocomposites. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 262-269. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.285220

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ajayi AA, Oderinde O, Ogunbayo SO, Olawuyi AR, Ogundiran AO, Agbeja AO. Water-solvated Ethaline Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Assessment of Tungsten-Molybdenum Hybrid Oxides Nanocomposites. NJEAS. (2025), [cited June 27, 2026]; 3(1): 262-269. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.285220

Harvard Style

Ajayi, A. A., Oderinde, . O., Ogunbayo, . S. O., Olawuyi, . A. R., Ogundiran, . A. O. & Agbeja, . A. O. (2025) Water-solvated Ethaline Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Assessment of Tungsten-Molybdenum Hybrid Oxides Nanocomposites. NJEAS, 3 (1), 262-269. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.285220

Turabian Style

Ajayi, Adetola Abiola, Olayinka Oderinde, Sodiq Olalekan Ogunbayo, Adeola Roseline Olawuyi, Ayoni Olubunmi Ogundiran, and Adebobola Ololade Agbeja. 2025. Water-solvated Ethaline Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Assessment of Tungsten-Molybdenum Hybrid Oxides Nanocomposites. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3 (1), 262-269. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.285220

Chicago Style

Ajayi, Adetola Abiola, Olayinka Oderinde, Sodiq Olalekan Ogunbayo, Adeola Roseline Olawuyi, Ayoni Olubunmi Ogundiran, and Adebobola Ololade Agbeja. "Water-solvated Ethaline Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Assessment of Tungsten-Molybdenum Hybrid Oxides Nanocomposites." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 3 (2025), 262-269. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.285220

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APA (American Psychological Association) Style

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About Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science The Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences publishes original peer-reviewed articles on fundamental and applied research and reviews ... Read more. For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.	Contact Information 1. Prof. Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo Editor-in-Chief abdulhameed.mambo@nileuniversity.edu.ng 2. Dr. Adekunle Adeleke Associate Editor-in-Chief adekunle.adeleke@nileuniversity.edu.ng 3. Dr. Ifeyinwa Obianyo Managing Editor ifeyinwa.obianyo@nileuniversity.edu.ng