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2025, Vol: 3, Issue: 1
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Review Article 


Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions

Sunday Iphierohor Asasah, Emmanuel Edoghogho Imade, Ben Jesuorsemwen Enagbonma.


Abstract
Abstract
Lassa Fever (LF) remains a significant public health concern in Nigeria and several other West African countries, with recurrent outbreaks causing substantial morbidity and mortality. LF is a zoonotic viral haemorrhagic illness transmitted primarily through exposure to the urine and faeces of infected Mastomys natalensis rats as well as through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected individuals. Nigeria bears the highest burden of LF in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 3 million cases and approximately 67,000 deaths annually. Despite ongoing efforts, the high case fatality rate (CFR) underscores the need for improved prevention and control strategies. This review examines the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current challenges in managing LF outbreaks in Nigeria. It identifies key drivers of LF prevalence, including poor knowledge of LF among healthcare workers (HCWs), socio-cultural practices, environmental factors, and systemic healthcare limitations. Knowledge gaps among HCWs, inadequate infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, and poor healthcare infrastructure have contributed to the persistence of LF. Effective control measures require a multidisciplinary approach, including targeted HCW training, enhanced surveillance systems, robust diagnostic capacity, and increased community awareness. Strengthening Nigeria's healthcare infrastructure and integrating "One Health" strategies are critical to reducing the LF burden and improving health outcomes.

Key words: Keywords Zoonotic disease, infection, healthcare workers, epidemiology, public health, One Health


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Asasah SI, Imade EE, Enagbonma BJ. Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 99-116. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.277565

Web Style

Asasah SI, Imade EE, Enagbonma BJ. Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions. https://www.nilejeas.com/?mno=277565 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.277565

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Asasah SI, Imade EE, Enagbonma BJ. Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions. NJEAS. 2025; 3(1): 99-116. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.277565


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Asasah SI, Imade EE, Enagbonma BJ. Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions. NJEAS. (2025), [cited June 27, 2026]; 3(1): 99-116. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.277565


Harvard Style

Asasah, S. I., Imade, . E. E. & Enagbonma, . B. J. (2025) Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions. NJEAS, 3 (1), 99-116. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.277565


Turabian Style

Asasah, Sunday Iphierohor, Emmanuel Edoghogho Imade, and Ben Jesuorsemwen Enagbonma. 2025. Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3 (1), 99-116. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.277565


Chicago Style

Asasah, Sunday Iphierohor, Emmanuel Edoghogho Imade, and Ben Jesuorsemwen Enagbonma. "Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 3 (2025), 99-116. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.277565


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Asasah, Sunday Iphierohor, Emmanuel Edoghogho Imade, and Ben Jesuorsemwen Enagbonma. "Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions." Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 3.1 (2025), 99-116. Print. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.277565


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Asasah, S. I., Imade, . E. E. & Enagbonma, . B. J. (2025) Prevention and Control of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions. Nile Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3 (1), 99-116. doi:10.5455/NJEAS.277565


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1. Prof. Abdulhameed Danjuma Mambo
   Editor-in-Chief
abdulhameed.mambo@nileuniversity.edu.ng
2. Dr. Adekunle Adeleke
    Associate Editor-in-Chief
    adekunle.adeleke@nileuniversity.edu.ng
3. Dr. Ifeyinwa Obianyo
Managing Editor
ifeyinwa.obianyo@nileuniversity.edu.ng